Nurturing Book Lovers in Your Home

Few things in life bring as much delight for a child as a trip to the library. What’s not to love? Kids, who are natural-born book lovers, are drawn like magnets to the children’s section of a library. From pint-sized furniture to animal prints, pirate ships, and reading nooks with secret passages, a library provides a place of wonder and discovery for young imaginations. My children were raised with a library card in their hands.  Books are a big part of their childhood memories. Fast forward to last week when both of my daughters, now twenty-five and nineteen, had nanny jobs for the summer. When they learned that they would be babysitting on the same day, they planned a play date to introduce the families. You can guess from this photo where they met! The four- and five-year-olds hit the door running as they made their way to the children’s section. Following close behind, the older kids caught up. Although none of them had met before, they forged a friendship that day—a friendship around books. Why Read to Kids? So why do kids love being read to so much? Fondly they remember the comfy chair, the fluffy blanket, their stuffed animals, and snuggles on your lap. They remember your voice and the hundreds of times you read the same book to them. Children crave the familiarity of a beloved story and delight in asking you to â€Å"read it again.† They love being drawn into the suspense of a story. It's a feast for the senses in every way. Besides the opportunity to spend quality time making memories with your kids, reading aloud to them provides a tremendous cognitive benefit. Andrew Pudewa teaches that a child needs one thing above all else in order to become an effective communicator: â€Å"a large database in his brain of reliably correct and sophisticated language patterns.† The best way to achieve this database is for children to be read to in huge quantities.  For Andrew's complete thoughts on effective communication, check out these helpful talks: Nurturing Competent Communicators On Listening On Speaking On Reading On Writing Complete DVD Seminar:  On  Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing Where Do I Begin? It's natural to lean toward your own childhood favorites, so start there. No one knows your children as well as you do, so let them pick. (But be sure to preview their finds.) In  podcast #45 of the Read-Aloud Revival by Sarah Mackenzie, she and her team discuss their favorite picture books. You may be surprised to learn that picture books aren't just for little kids! When your kids are older, you may feel the need for more direction with your book choices. Here are two guides that you may like to consider: Reading Roadmaps by Adam Andrews Timeline of Classics: Historical Context for the Good and Great Books by Gail Ledbetter The Take-Away Your children will come back to what they know best. My girls proved that to me this summer when they chose to make a play date at the library. They are passing on a love for books to their young friends. Your children will never forget the time you spend reading with them. So take a trip to the library, and check out some great books. Make time to read to them now, and they'll naturally become book lovers for life. Gail Ledbetter  earned a B.S. in Bible and Elementary Education from Columbia International University. After teaching for many years in Gwinnett County, GA, she entered the most challenging classroom of all, where her heart remains captivated with her four children. Gail  taught writing and literary analysis for many years in her home, in local co-op classes, and online. She now serves  IEW as a Certified online instructor, author, and exhibitor. Log in or register to post commentsGail Ledbetters blog Log in or register to post comments My reader cant discuss his book Permalink By ldtwardowskiSep25 My 10-almost-11 year old son is a voracious reader. He can sit down in one afternoon and read a complete [age appropriate] novel, sometimes two. However, we have noticed the more he readers, the harder time he has expressing what he has read. Tonight he could not give us one detail about the book he read this afternoon. I wondered if he wasnt just tired, but it isnt just today. The older he has gotten, the less he seems able to discuss or even give a few simple details about what he has read. Is this something I should be worried about. We are working through All Things Fun and Fascinating this year, and have done others in the past. Though he will tell you he HATES to write, he is actually pretty good (when he has the checklist to help him.) Any advice you can give would be welcome! Log in or register to post comments

Analysis Of Van Mechelen s Injury Prevention Model

As you can see theoretical perspectives provide frameworks for asking research questions, deciphering information and expanding concepts too deeper meanings. Theories also enable multiple perspective analysis, which gives people the opportunity, to make informed decisions based around the aforementioned frameworks. Take for example van Mechelen’s injury prevention model. This theory has initiated works seeking to expand, develop and improve upon it. This interpretive process is loosely carried forward in relation to the previous studies of physiology, sociology and psychology. Take for example psychology when looking at key issues and research methods. The general explorative path a psychologist would investigate in a study of injury and rehabilitation covers, motivation, confidence, intensity, focus and emotions which are regarded to have the most influence on a performers well-being (Cashmore, 2002). These five psychological divisions derive from Taylors (2001) performance pyramid, are categorised in ascending order from general training influences to immediate competitive performance impact. At the pyramids base lays motivation, simply put without motivation you have no desire to train, to rehabilitate, to reach previous goals. Motivation ensures athletes have positive mind-sets allowing necessary time to refocus, re-energise and start again. Following motivation comes confidence, confidence in ability, confidence in rehabi litation, confidence in family and friends

The Postal Acceptance Rule - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3321 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? 1.0 POSTAL ACCEPTANCE RULE The postal rule is first created in Adam v Lindsell 1818. The court had to decide the contract formation period by mail. Two parties will communicate by post which the acceptance time could not be determined. This is because that mailing often last for few days and both parties could not aware of the communication at the same time. This caused lots of problems and led to the creation of postal rule to help the problem to be guided and solved. The postal rule had stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"where the circumstances are such that it must have been within the contemplation of the parties that, according to the ordinary usage of mandkind the post might be used as a means of communicating the acceptance of an offer, the acceptance is complete as it is posted.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The postal acceptance rule was formulated as an attempt to provide some degree of certainty to an offeree accepting an offer by post. In support of postal acceptance rul e, the courts maintain that if the general rule relating to the acceptance of an offer is applied to the acceptance sent by post, then an offree will never truly be certain of the existence of a binding contract until the offeror communicated the fact of receipt of the letter of acceptance. The court will compelled to examine further policy consideration in order to determine whether the postal acceptance rule could be justified on the grounds of the agency. Post is the requested form of communication between parties or when it is an appropriate and accepted means of communication between parties, acceptance is complete as soon as the letter is posted or put in the mail box. Although if the letter is mislaid or lost and does not reach the offeror to notify them about the acceptance. It is requirement that the letter of acceptance has been properly posted after the acceptance is putted in the mail box. An issue that arised from Postal rule is that there is a period of time, whe re person are in confuse whether the contract existence or not. Courts have decide that the offeror assume all the risk, as the offer is still open during the time the letter of acceptance is in the post, Adam v Lindsell. The decision is based on the fact that an acceptance of an offer can go on ad infinitum, back or forth between the parties. If one had to acknowledge the receipt and then the acknowledgement had to be acknowledge so on and so forth. Unless the offeror has clearly stated in the terms of the offer that acceptance must be communicated by other means the offer must be accepted through the terms of the postal rule. Such the situation arose in the case Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes 1974 where the in the terms of the offer it was clearly indicated acceptance had to be by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"notice in writingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The letter of the acceptance was lost in the post therefore Hughes did not receive a valid acceptance as he had not received a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"notice i n writingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. 2.0 LIMITATION OF POSTAL ACCEPTANCE RULE Firstly, the postal rule only applies to acceptance, not to other communication between contracting parties. Postal rule does not apply where not reasonable for acceptance to be sent by post. Quenerduaine v Cole (1883) The fact is the defendants made an offer by telegram which the plaintiff purported to accept by letter. The issue is was it be reasonable to accept by letter although the offer is made by telegram? The held is that postal rule did not apply, an offer made by telegram (instantaneous) implied that an equally quick acceptance was required. Secondly, postal rule did not apply if letter was not properly stamped, addressed and posted. Re London Northern Bank EX P. Jones 1900 The facts is dr. Jones make an offer to the bank, at 7.00 letter of acceptance, addressed correctly but was handed to a postman , who only have authority to deliver letter but not to receive letter.. 9.30 Dr. Jon es delivered letter to bank revoking his offer. 19.30 the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s acceptance delivered to Dr. Jones. The issue is was the postal rule invoked? The held is that postal ruli did not apply because of the posting is wrong which it is handed to a postman. A letter should be posted in a post box or to the post office which have authority to receive mail, Next is that postal rule can be displaced by the offeror. Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes (1974) The fact is that defendant sent a grant to sell a property to the plaintiff, which contain clause stipulating option à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"be exercised by notice in writing to the intending vendorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ within six month. Plaintiff then send letter exercising the option, within the time limit, it was lost in the post and never received by defendants. The held is that postal rule did not apply. Post was suitable method of acceptance but language of offer implied defendants required receipt or written acceptance. Law ton LJ ; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" the requirement of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"noticeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, in my judgment, is language which should be taken expressly to assert the ordinary situation in law the acceptance requires to be communicated or notified to the offeror and it is inconsistent with the theory that acceptance can be constituted by the act of posting..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Additionally, to allow the acceptance to be effective without communication would à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"produce manifest inconvenience and absurdityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Lawton LJ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"in my judgment the factors of inconvenience and absurdity are but illustration of a wider principle, namely that the rule does not apply if, having regard to all circumstances including the nature of the subject matter under consideration, the negotiating party cannot have intended that there should be a binding agreement until the party accepting the offer or exercising the option had in fact communicated the acceptanc e or exercise to the other. In my judgment when this principle is applied to the fact of this case it becomes clear that the party cannot have the intended that the posting of the letter should constitute the exercise of the optionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 3.0 RELEVANT CASE LAW Adam v Lindsell (1818) The fact of Adam v Lindsell is that the defendants wrote to the plaintiff on September 2 which offering to sell the wool and requested that the plaintiff reply à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"in course of postà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The letter of offer is wrongly addressed and makes the letter delivered to plaintiff until September 5 and acceptance is then sent. Because of the delay, the letter of acceptance was not received until September 9 by the defendant and this is two days later than the defendant thought he will receive it. Because of this, on the September 8, the defendant had sold the wool to the third party. The court held that the contract is formed and the offer is accepted as soon as the letter of acceptance had been posted. Thus, in Adam v Lindsell there was indeed a contract in existence before the sale of wool to the third party, even though the letter had not actually been received by the defendants. Acceptance complete and binding contract form on September 5 when the letter of acceptance had been posted. The defendants therefore had been liable in breach of contract. Household Fire and Carriage Accident Company v Grant The fact is that Grant had negotiated to purchase shares in Household Fire which his application was accepted and his name was list in the registered shareholdersand the letter to inform him had been sent. However, the letter informing the appellant did not reached him and thus, Grant never paid for his shares because he did not aware of it. His earning of dividends was credited into his account as a registered shareholder. Eventually, Household Fire went into liquidation and liquidator applied money from appellant because h e already listed as a shareholder. He refused to pay on the ground that he is not the shareholder because he had not received the notification on mail and he is not aware that he is listed and the application is accepted. The trial judge found that the appellant implied that the respondent was to sent him the notification that he had been issued the share in the mail by requesting them by the mail, and therefore they will not be penalized for sending the notification that way. The liquidator was thus successful at recovering the money which Grant appealed. Thesiger and Baggallay agree with the trial judge decision that the contract was formed when the acceptance was mailed or put into the mail box. They decide the pros and cons of the postal rule and decide the pros outweigh the cons. They state that the offeror can always choose to make the acceptance binding upon his receipt of the notification that it has been accepted in the original offer to make himaware. However, to sta te that this must happen in all cases will reduce the efficiency in the business world. The contract is complete and absolutely binding upon the transmission of acceptance through the mail as long as there is a medium of communication that the parties contemplated as at the time of mailing there is a meeting of the minds. HENTHORN V FRASER (1892) On 7th July, Henthorn from Brikenhead, called office of land society in Liverpool for buying property. Henthorn negotiated to buy some houses belonging to the land society. The secretary agree to sell to him and give him an option to purchase the property at 750 pounds in 14 days. On 8th July morning, another person called to purchase the property at 760 pounds and the offer accepted which is a better and higher purchase price from Henthorn. At the afternoon 12-1 pm the secretary withdraw the offer made to Henthorn by mail. However, at 3.50pm Henthorn sent a acceptance letter by mail but the letter arrive at 8.30pm after the office wa s closed. But, at 5pm the withdrawal offer arrived at Brikenhead. The secretary opened the letter on the next morning. Then Henthorn sued them for specific performance. The held is the specific performance granted, postal rule applies as acceptance occurred before when Henthorn sent the acceptance letter. Defendant was told to sell the property. Lord Herschell argued à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"where the circumstances are such that it must have been within the contemplation of the parties that according to the ordinary usage of mankind, the post must be used as mean of communicating the acceptance of an offer, the acceptance is complete as soon as it is posted. ENTORRES V MILES FAR EAST (1955) Entorres is a London based trading company that sent an offer of the purchase of copper cathodes by telex from a company based in Armsterdam. Then, the Dutch company send an acceptance by telex. The contract was not fulfilled by the Dutch company and so Entorres attempt to sued the owner of the Du tch company for damages. The controlling company, Miles Far East Corp was based in UK and under English Law. Entorres could only bring the action in UK if it could prove that the contract was formed within the jurisdiction. Denning LJ delivered the leading of the judgment. He said that the postal rule could not apply to instantaneous telecommunication such as telex, if a phone line went dead before the just before the offeree said yes, it would be absurd to assume that the contract was formed and the parties would not have call each other back. The same applied to telex. Since the contract was formed when and where the telex is received and the place formation was London. In The telex is like a post in US. It becomes law and is subject to the rule of the country where the acceptance was made. In European Law, the telex contract becomes law where the acceptance was received. To determine where the contract was made, Justice Denning use same principle was those he used to decide wh en it was made. Applying Denning rule, the contract was made in London and therefore rightly in English jurisdiction. Denning thinks it may be that a contract is made at the place where it was first completed, not at the place where the variations are agreed. But luckily here this is a moot point since both the original contract and the variations where made in England. Also, this contract is by implication governed by English law because England is the place with which it has the closest connection. Appeal dismissed. BYRNE V VAN TIENHOVEN On October 1st, Van Tienhoven mailed a proposal in a fixed price to sell 1000 tin plates to Byrne. On October 8th, Van Tienhoven wanted to revoked and sent the letter to revoked but it delivered on October 20th. In the interim on October 11th, Byrne received the original offer and accepted by telegram and resold the merchandise to a third party on the 15th. Byrne was then brought the action for non-performance because the acceptance was made . The held is that the judgment for the plaintiff because Lindley held that the revocation is not effective until it had been communicated to Byrne and he aare about it. While the postal rule remain good law, for acceptance, he finds no support for the premise to revokes because the acceptance had put in mail box and the contract is formed As a result, the revocation was not communicated to Byrne until 20th October, at which the point of the contract was already formed and thus the revocation was not effective because Byrne is not communicated about the revocation. To rule otherwise would be impractical for commercial realities. DUNLOP V HIGGINS (1848) On Dunlop co letter dated 22nd and 28th January, they offered to sell 200 tons of pig iron at 65sh per ton to Higgins co but Higgins received the offer letter on 28th and 30th January. They replied on the same indicating their acceptance to purchase the pig iron in accordance to the offer from Dunlop co. Due to problem of weather there was disruption in the train service and the letter of acceptance instead of reaching on 31st January had delayed, reached Dunlop co. on 1st February. Dunlop Co. refused to supply pig iron on the ground that the receipt of the letter of acceptance by them had been delayed although because of the frosty weather that affected the train service. It was held that Dunlop Co. had become bound which the contract is formed when the letter of acceptance had already posted. YATES BUILDING COMPANY LTD V RJ PULLEYN SONS Pulleyn gave Yates an option to purchase building land which the option read: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the option hereby granted shall be exercisable by notice in writing given by or on behalf of Yates to Pulleyn or Pulleynsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ solicitors at any time between April 6 1973 and May 6 1973 such notice to be sent by registered or recorded delivery post to the registered office of Pulleyn or the office of their said solicitors.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ On Mo nday April 30 1973 Yatesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s solicitors posted a letter to Pulleynà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s solicitors to formally exercise the option, they enclosed a cheque for 1890 pounds for the deposit with the acceptance letter. Although the letter arrive well in time but the letter was sent by ordinary post and not by registered and recorded delivery post. It was open by Pulleynà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s solicitor, on some on or before Friday May 4 1973. On that Friday Pulleynà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s solicitors sent back to Yates and returning the cheque for the deposit and said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"we write to acknowledge receipt today of your letter of April 30 1973 with its enclosure. You will recall that clause 2 of the option agreement provides for the notice to be sent by the registered or recorded delivery post. Your letter was not so sent.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Yates brought to proceedings for specific performance but the judge refused it because he did not followed the requirement of the offer. He held that his requirement that the letter had to be sent by registered or recorded delivery post was a requirement which must be complied with, and as it had not been complied it, there was no contract formed. Yates appealed. Lord Denning : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"It seems to me that this depends on the construction of the option clause. The option is an offer: an irrevocable offer. When a person makes an offer, he does sometimes prescribe the method by which it is to be accepted. If he prescribes it in terms which are mandatory or obligatory, the acceptance is only good if it complies with the stated requirements. Thus in the present case the notice of acceptance must be in writing, and must be given to Pulleyns or to Pulleyns solicitors, and must be given between April 6 1973 and May 6 1973. But the question is whether the words such notice to be sent by registered or recorded delivery post are mandatory or directory. That test is used by lawyers in the const ruction of statutory instruments, but it can also be used in the construction of other documents. The distinction is this: a mandatory provision must be fulfilled exactly according to the letter, whereas a directory provision is satisfied if it is in substance according to the general intent (see Howard v Bodington). In applying this rule of construction, you must look to the subject-matter, consider the object to be fulfilled, and then see whether the provision must be fulfilled strictly to the letter or whether the substance of it is enough. So in the present case the question is whether the letter of acceptance must be sent by registered or recorded delivery post, else it is bad; or whether it is sufficient if it gets there in time, as, for instance, by ordinary post or by special messenger. Orr LJ gave this instance in the course of the argument. Suppose there were a postal strike during the last week, and the buyer, to make sure it was in time, sent the letter by special messen ger, would this not be sufficient? Looking at the object of this provision, it seems to be this. It is inserted for the benefit of the buyer so that he can be sure of his position. So long as he sends the letter by registered or recorded delivery post, he has clear proof of postage and of the time of posting. But if the buyer sends it by ordinary post, he will have no sufficient proof of posting, or of the time of posting. In that case, if the seller proves that he never received it, or received it too late, the buyer fails. None of those reasons apply, however, when the seller does receive it in time. So long as he gets the letter in time, he should be bound. So I would hold, simply as a matter of interpretation, that if the letter did reach the sellers in time, it was a valid exercise of the option.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 4.0 CONCLUSION This assignment addressed on the issue of postal acceptance rule, its creation, definition, limitation and the relevant case la w. Postal rule was created on 19th century to solve distance business conflict and continued to be applied into current business situation. The justification is using postal rule in the age of mailing may be regarded the same as the new communication method email. The amendments in postal rule allow supervisions on online business. This would facilitate the online business communication and benefit both parties. Postal rule had become complete and mature after more 200 years application. I believe that it is valid in modern business world and continue to guide healthy business performance. In my recommendation also, that postal rule is good because it help to get justice when the acceptance or revocation had been taken in an offer for a party. So, postal rule should be always be the guide for business performance which it help a party to aware on the offer they made to the other party and in the other hand the other party also aware on the acceptance they made to the other party. 1 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Postal Acceptance Rule" essay for you Create order

Quality Control For Cyber Forensic Process - 989 Words

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As a result, this makes forensic labs a necessary investment for anRead MoreExamination And Investigation Of Cyber Forensic Investigation Process Essay965 Words   |  4 Pageshappened†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Cost of breach†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Quality Assurance Practices for Computer Forensics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Quality Control for Cyber Forensic Process†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Cyber Forensic Investigation Process†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 References Introduction Forensics is the use of examination and investigation procedures to accumulate and save proveRead MoreBe A Computer Forensics Investigator1241 Words   |  5 Pages So you want to be a Computer Forensics Investigator CI4310: Digital Forensics Principles and Practices Lluà ­s Pà ©rez Carretà ³n K Number: K1329210 Computer forensics is acquiring great importance now a days due to the increasing value of information and the use given. 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The Queen, Directed by Stephen Frears Essay - 533 Words

Director Stephen Frears chose, when filming this movie, to use traditional 35mm film for the scenes featuring the Royal Family. He chose to use traditional 35mm film to reflect the traditional views of the Royal Family. The syntax analyzed the language provided by the syntax helped understand the Royal Family traditional culture. The Royal Family at the beginning of the film had deep traditional roots and don’t agree with the progressive members of the society at large. After Princess Diana’s death the Royal Family believed that the arraignments should be kept as a private matter of her family. The Royal Family strongly believed that the Princess Diana was no longer part of the Royal Family since her divorce to the son of Queen†¦show more content†¦During this scene the director Stephen Frears chose to use modern videotape. To film this scene modern videotape was chosen because Frears wanted to show the viewers that both the traditional and modern culture had reunited. The Queen then assures that there has been a change from a traditional to a modern culture. The switch from filming this movie in traditional 35mm film for the Royal Family and the modern videotape for the scenes featuring the government and Tony Blair helped reinforce the theme of difference between the tradional Royals and the progressive members of society at large. It also shows how the traditional Royals had slowly changed their views at the end when Frears uses modern film to film the final scene when Blair and the Queen are heading for a walk to speak about Britain. The Queen states that life in Britain has changes and the monarchy must modernise in the future. Director Stephen Frears did a great job using syntax to help analize the language in the movie and reinforcing the theme. He also did a great job reinforcing the theme with real television clips. An example when the people in the news clip confirm that the Queen is acting traditionally while they have moderni lized and their actions show that they have progressively modernised. When the Queen is watching the news and the people are speaking about their feeling toward the actions taken by the Queen after the death of Diana. The real telivision clips make the events in the filmShow MoreRelatedHistory Memory - the Queen2818 Words   |  12 PagesEnglish - Essay Explore How The Queen Two Other Related Texts Of Your Own Choosing Represent History Memory In Unique Evocative Ways History consists of what is known, remembered and recorded about the past in as objective a way as possible. Memory can be a fragmented yet still valid perspective on the past which enables History to fill in the gaps. The concepts of History Memory are featured in the texts, The Queen, a film directed by Stephen Frears, Kurt Cobains Suicide Letter andRead MoreThe Queen, 2006 Film Analysis992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Queen A film directed by Stephen Frears in 2005 Written assignment: Write an essay (700-1000 words) in which you make a portrait of either Queen Elizabeth or Prime Minister Tony Blair, based on the way the character is depicted in the film. Your essay should also include a brief characterization of either Prince Philip or Cherie Blair. You may use any of the elements of ‘cinematic technique’ and/or ‘theatrical elements’ in support of your portrayal of the characters, using the document

Anabolic Steroids A Misunderstood Substance free essay sample

When the term â€Å"steroids† is used, it is typically used in reference to anabolic steroids intended for the purposes of improving physical performance. However, steroids are actually a class of organic molecules with similar physical structure. The male sex hormone, testosterone, is perhaps the most widely known steroid in existence. But what is less known is that the female sex hormone, estrogen, is a steroid as well. Steroids are not limited solely to androgenic effects, but are also used for structural support in cells. However, for the purposes of this article, and for ease of writing, the term steroids will be used only to refer to anabolic/androgenic steroids commonly referred to by the abbreviation â€Å"AAS† . The term anabolic refers to metabolic processes that result in increased muscular hypertrophy while â€Å"androgenic† means supporting the development of male characteristics i.e. male pattern baldness, voice deepening, facial hair, muscular deve lopment, etc (Solomon 1056). AAS have been notorious in history for rampant usage in professional sports and bodybuilding. Critics argue that steroid use is life-threatening, which certainly holds its merits, but AAS are too complex to simply be labeled as â€Å"bad.† Due to controversy surrounding this substance, the United States labeled anabolic steroids as a controlled schedule III drug in 1990. In addition to the illegality of it, most professional sports organizations have banned the use of performance enhancing drugs in their respective sport. While these organizations hold the belief that AAS are cheating, they seem to ignore the other side of the argument. In reality, modern research does not support the media’s notion that anabolic steroids are awful, unhealthy, and immoral drugs with the potential to cause murderous rampages. It seems as though when steroids are brought up in conversation, the risk of atherosclerosis, more commonly known as heart disease, tends to be a concern-able issue. William Llewelynn, Director of Research and Development of Molecular Nutrition, wrote about steroid risks and benefits in his book William Llewellyn’s Anabolics.The side-effects section of this book explains that short-term steroid cycling has been shown to negatively impact cholesterol levels, which can lead to increased plaque levels in the arteries and therefore a greater risk of heart disease (Llewellyn 149). While on a cycle, the user’s HDL levels tend to decrease while LDL levels increase. HDL levels are correlated to positive cholesterol values while LDL molecules may risk increased plaque levels in arteries (Solomon 1056 ). Even though this is true,steroids are taken in cycles, usually periods of 6-12 weeks. Afterward, a short period of post-cycle therapy begins in order to alleviate temporary side -effects that may have occurred while the individual was taking supratherapeutic doses of AAS. Post-cycle therapy helps to restore the cycler’s hormones back to pre-cycling conditions and thus the change in cholesterol levels is not a permanent side effect (Llewellyn 289-290). Another common complaint about steroid abuse is the negative effect the drugs may have on the liver. Some oral steroids certainly can cause permanent damage to theliver as it is suspected that they interact with androgen receptors in the hepatic system. Injectable steroids on the other hand, do not pass through the liver while metabolizing and therefore are not liver toxic (Llewellyn 171-173). Therefore liver toxicity while cycling steroids is a null-issue as long as the type of steroids taken by the user are non-toxic to the liver. The use of AAS is correlated to negative aesthetic side effects including male pattern baldness, decreased size of the testes, and gynecomastia. These are all proven potential side-effects of AAS, although they are not guaranteed simply by taking steroids. Furthermore, steroids do not cause the androgenic side effect of baldness, they only increase the rate at which somebody genetically pre-disposed to male-pattern baldnesswould achieve hair loss (Llewellyn 182). So this side-effect only applies to those who are genetically pre-disposed to baldness. Christopher Bell, director and writer of the documentary Bigger Stronger Faster*, explores the controversy of steroid use and his own personal use as well. Part of this movie discusses testicular shrinkage. The male testicles may shrink while cycling as a result of artifical testosterone injections resulting in the body to produce less of its own testosterone. This side effect is not permanent, and the testicles tend to return to their n ormal size after successful PCT (Bell). Gynecomastia, or male breast enlargement, can be caused as a result of increased estrogen levels while cycling AAS. Estrogen levels will rise while on a cycle in an attempt to counter-balance the increase in testosterone levels. The rise in estrogen levels is not necessarily bad, but can potentially result in gynecomastia. This unaesthetic side-effect can be easily avoided with the use of aromatase inhibitors such as Nolvadex (Llewellyn 337-338). Additionally this side-effect will only occur in specific individuals, not everyone. Modern medical research agrees with the idea that steroids are generally safe drugs when taken properly by healthy adult men. Take for example a study published in the Journal of American Physiology and Endocrinology. 61 men were placed into different groups and given differing dosages of testosterone enanthate. The results showed that those taking the higher doses had gained the most muscle mass, and those with the l owest doses had the lowest increase in mass. The only notable side-effect found in the men with the highest steroids dosages was a decrease in HDL cholesterol values. No statistically significant changes were found in liver enzymes, sexual ability, or mental health (Bhasin). What this study shows is that the only negative health effect of testosterone enanthate was a negative impact in cholesterol valueswhile it had the positive health effects of increasing athletic ability and muscle mass. So steroids really cannot be labeled as beneficial or harmful toward health since they benefit some areas of health while damaging others. Overall however, it seems as though AAS are not truly detrimental to a person’s well-being and therefore when considering the ethics of steroid use, negative health impacts is not a major consideration. There are drugs on the market that are arguably far worse than steroids such as amphetamines like Adderall, prescribed for treatment of Attention Defici t Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Adderall has even been correlated to death by myocardial infarction, otherwise known as heart disease (Cohle, 2013). Not only does this drug have a less negative connotation than anabolic steroids, but tit is also prescribed to children as young as three years old. It is important to note that thus far the discussion of health impacts of AAS only applies to healthy adult men and not children or women. The effects of AAS in those less than 18 years of age are not completely understood as very little research has been done in that area. Women on the other hand, since their bodies do not typically create large amounts of testosterone like in men, may experience adverse and permanent side-effects. Some of these side-effects include excessive facial hair, enlarged clitoris, and infertility (Llewellyn 195-200). For these reasons, if steroids are to be taken by a female, they should be forewarned of the dangers in advance. Children should not take AAS as their is not enough research on them to know if any serious damage could be caused. Furthermore some commonly believed side-effects of steroids are not even proven. Take for example, the story of Chris Benoit. Benoit was a professional wrestler for WWE back in the mid 2000‘s, but it seems he is more famous for being the poster child for â€Å"roid rage†. Roid rage is supposedly â€Å"violent and uncontrolled anger as a side effect of anabolic steroid use† according to Merriam-Webster online dictionary. Benoit murdered his wife, child, and then committed suicide. It was discovered that he had been taking heavy doses of anabolic steroids when his murder was under investigation. When the media found out about it, his murder-suicide was immediately blamed as a side effect of steroids. Of course, their is no actual evidence linking the murder to have been caused as a result of taking steroids. This is a type of fallacious argument known as an undistributed middle. In reality it is much more likely that steroids were not the cause of the murder, but rather that he was taking illicit drugs as a result of some sort of imbalance in mental cognition. As seen in the study by Bhasin injection of AAS did not alter cognitive functioning significantly. Anecdotally, Mark Be ll, brother of Christopher Bell of the documentary Bigger, Stronger, Faster* had taken steroids for years before the release of the film. Mark Bell’s wife stated in the movie â€Å"Ive never seen Roid Rage. Ive never seen any difference in his personality or how he is with me, how he is with Jake. It hasnt done anything that all those after-school specials tell you that its gonna do.† (Bell). Furthermore, this film explains that the illegality of steroids is mainly a result of political reasons rather than actual scientific research. In fact, it was brought to attention in the film that medical research at the time did not support adverse side-effects of AAS. During the congressional hearing that resulted in the illegalization of AAS in the United States, a child’s suicide was brought to attention. The father of this child blamed his suicide on anabolic steroids, although the child was also taking anti-depressant medication which is correlated to mental instability. Once again, anabolic steroids were not proven to have been the cause of this child’s suicide yet the father’s speech during the hearing seemed to have more impact on the congressional decision than all of the scientific research available at the time (Bell). The current stigma surrounding steroids is the notion that they are â€Å"cheating† and â€Å"unnatural,† however this view once again fails to represent the entire picture. The common argument when considering sports and steroids is that steroids are cheating because they are not naturally found in the body, and that by taking them the person’s athletic abilities are unfairly enhanced above those who do not use them. Now, it is true that a person with higher testosterone levels than another tends to gain muscle mass faster, but that is not always true. In fact, steroids are only one of various factors contributing to athletic performance. Genetics play a significant role as well. Profesional Strength Coach Mark Rippetoe writes in his book PracticalProgramming: for Strength Training There are at least 73 genes associated with fitness and performance. While humans allswim in the same genetic pool, their is a huge amount of variation in both the genespossessed and the genes actively expressed. And so, like it or not, here is the rule: DNAmakes RNA makes protein makes function. The reality is that genetic potential ultimatelyaffects the performance of every individual. These variations lead to differences in performance potential. (2006, p. 105) Is it unfair if one athlete has an athletic advantage over another simply because his genome is more tailored toward that sport? If that is the case then is it unfair if one athlete’s muscle mass is higher than another’s simply because he is genetically inclined to naturally higher testosterone levels and not because he works harder? If so, then steroids are not the cause of unfairness, genetics is. If steroids were to be regulated around national sports associations, then it would actually be possible to minimize testosterone level differences as a variable in sports performance. If all athletes were put on to similar steroid cycles then no one would have a significant advantage over the other in regards to testosterone. Now, some critics may argue that steroids would make sports less fair because some athletes would simply take higher doses than others. Once again, this does not encompass the full scale of steroid use. As with the majority of things in life, steroids follow the concept of diminishing returns. In this case it means that each dosage increase will result in less performance increase than the previous increase.Take for example the study previously mentioned that was published in the American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism. Three groups were given high dosages of testosterone enanthate: 125mg (milligram), 300mg, and 600mg. The groups found an average increase in lean body mass (lbm) of 7.48lbs, 11.44lbs, and 17.38lbs respectively (Bhasin). Dividing lbm by amount of testosterone enanthate injected shows the amount of muscle gained per mg of testosterone. The three groups had pounds of lbm increase per miligram of testosterone values of .0598, .0381, and .0290 respectively. This clearly demonstrates that dosing of AAS does not follow a linear increase, but rather AAS have a threshold point in which increasing dosage fails to increase performance any more. While the exact value to which increasing dosage fails to provide any significant benefit is unknown and may differ between individuals, this shows that AAS do in fact hold a performance increase threshold. Another common argument as to why steroids are cheating is that they are a shortcut. Steroids are far from a shortcut in any respect. Muscular hypertrophy requires two factors: a stressor and recovery period (Rippetoe 23-24). A stress is any sort of extreme tension placed on the muscle and central nervous system , while a recovery period is the time where no stress is applied to the body and the body adapts to the previous stress allowing the muscles to gain protein and increase in efficiency. While AAS do support muscular hypertrophy and motor neuron recruitment in the central nervous system, the body still requires a stressor to create an adaptation to facilitate muscle growth. This means that the athlete still needs to work out and lift weights in order to gain the performance advantage. Steroids effectively increase recovery efficiency, which means that the individual who is taking steroids will recover quicker. This also means that people who are cycling can workout harder than before since their bodies are now capable of recovering from heavier stress. And in respect to sports, this means that steroids allow athletes to put in more effort than before.By this logic, steroids can make sports more competitive by allowing athletes to work harder for improved performance. The people who would benefit most are those who are truly dedicated, since they would be capable of working out more than if they were not cycling steroids. Overall AAS are an extremely misunderstood drug with over-exaggerated health implications and under-rated health benefits. Changes in cognitive functioning in humans has never been supported by research. Steroids have not been shown to be detrimental to health and are in fact safer than many prescription medications. In professional sports, steroids can allow athletes to achieve previously unheard of athletic ability while also allowing them to train harder than ever before. The subject of roid rage has been debunked as a myth built on the faulty premise of fallacious argumentation. AAS have no reason to be illegal in the United States because their original decision to become illegal was not based on scientific evidence. Legalization of steroids would benefit society as those taking them would no longer have to hide their faces in shame, but can instead be admired for their hard-earned achievements. These people would no longer have to live lives of disgrace and stereotyping, but i nstead be encouraged to break records and become the strongest and most athletic human beings they can possibly be. References: Bigger, stronger, faster* [Motion picture]. (2008). Magnolia Home Entertainment. Bhasin, S. (2001). Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men. AmericanJournal of Physiology Endrocinology and Metabolism. Cohle, S. (2013). Fatal coronary artery intimal hyperplasia due to amphetamine use.Cardiovascular Pathology, 22(3), E1-E4. Llewellyn, W. (2010.). William Llewellyns Anabolics (E-Book ed., p. 1496). Solomon, E., Berg, L., Martin, D. (2011). Endocrine Regulation. In Biology (9th ed.) PacificGrove, CA: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning. Rippetoe, M., Kilgore, L. (2006). Practical programming for strength training. Wichita FallsTex.: Aasgaard.

Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Case of Coca-Cola

Question: Write about theEthics and Corporate Social Responsibilityfor Case of Coca-Cola. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to understand the concepts of corporate social responsibility, sustainable development, ethical values and ethical business operations. The report will highlight the case of Coca-Cola and its unethical business practices which made the company highly criticized for its business operations. The report will also provide that which ethical theory is violated because of the unethical practices of Coca-Cola. There has been provided some significant initiatives of the company for rebuilding its image. Corporate Social Responsibility and Coca-Cola Criticism CSR and Sustainability Development Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the approach which intended at encouraging the organisations to be effectively aware of the influences of their respective businesses on the environment, stakeholders and the society. It explains that it is the moral responsibility of the business organisations to serve the society and participate in such activities which help in the development of the masses and the society (Lindgreen and Swaen, 2010). The sustainable development is another approach of the organisations by which they try to meet the needs of the present generation without having any sort of negative implication upon the future generations. By this practice, it is ensured that the there will be no scarcity of the resources for the upcoming generations (Dobson, 2007). There is a difference between both the aspects as CSR evaluates the past practices of the organisations, mostly of the last one year but sustainable development focuses upon the future that what all strategies wil l be use and planning will be done to have desired results such as reduced waste, building brand, safe environmental practices etc. But there is a connection both of them, if the organisation will adopt sustainable practices then it will surely help the society and environment and this will result in effective CSR practices (Moon, 2007). Unethical Business Practice of Coca-Cola Coca-Cola is one of the most recognized and well-known organisations across the globe. But other than being recognised as a global MNC, the company usually remain in spotlight for its controversies. There are some of the business practices of the company because of which it has attained huge criticism as the business practices has negatively impacted the society, the individuals as well as the environment which was against the moral and ethical business practices. One of such unethical business practice of Coca-Cola was it business operations which results in intense water shortage in the villages and districts of India (Srikant, n.d.). In the year 1999, a plant of Coca-Cola was established in Plachimada, Palakkad district of Kerala (Righttowater, n.d.). Just after two years, there were complaints by the local communities related to water shortage and water pollution. In the year 2003, there were protest against Coca-Cola for extreme water shortage and drying up of wells because of o ver exploitation of the grout water by the company (Righttowater, n.d.). This was one of the most unethical practices of the company which deteriorate the lives and occupation of number of villagers who were completely dependent upon agriculture for their livelihood (Indiaresource, n.d.). Violation of Ethical Theory of Utilitarianism The company violates the ethical theory of utilitarianism. As per this theory, an individual undertakes tat activity which benefits the maximum number of the people rather than performing such actions which are self-directed which benefits only the individual or the organisation (Hursthouse, 2013). Opposing to this, the cheesiness practices of Coca-Cola were self-absorbed which only established for revenue generation irrespective of the fact that hundreds of people are getting negatively impacted from the same and are losing their livelihood and occupation as well as the basic right of access to safe and un-polluted water (Waronwant, 2007). Reasons why the Companies are Increasingly Addressing their Social and Environmental Impacts As per the various Government laws and regulations, it is essential that the companies pay high attention over the various environmental and social impacts led down because of the business operations. The Government and other organisations are imposing high charges and are restricting them to continue their operations (Kazmin, 2015). As well as by indulging in activities that led down negative impact on environment and the society are highly abolished by the societies and the brand image also gets ruined which directly impact the sales of the companies. The Ways in Which Coca Cola and other MNCs address their Social and Environmental Impacts There has been used numerous initiatives by the companies for addressing the social and environmental impacts of the business operations. To overcome the unethical image, Coca-Cola has initiated several major steps in the way of sustainable business practices such as the company piloted innovative water recovery system which highly works on the reuse and recovery approach (Csrwire, 2012). Other initiatives of Coca-Cola are establishing rain water harvesting systems in various areas of India to reduce the issues of water shortage. Conclusion From this report, it can be concluded that it is the high time when organisations emphasize and have a strict eye upon their business practices. It can b e analysed that big MNCs such as Coca-Cola also have indulged in several unethical business practices such as water shortage, exploitation of environmental resources, etc. and because of this it has violated the ethical theories too. But from the overall analysis, it can be concluded that the common ahs realized the consequences of unethical business practices and now it has taken several initiatives to recover they losses which can further help the organisation in rebuilding its brand image and customer base. References Csrwire, 2012. Coca-Cola Pilots Innovative Water Recovery System and Wins IWA Award. Accessed on: 4th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/34349-Coca-Cola-Pilots-Innovative-Water-Recovery-System-and-Wins-IWA-Award Dobson, A., 2007. Environmental citizenship: towards sustainable development.Sustainable development,15(5), pp.276-285. Hursthouse, R., 2013. Normative virtue ethics.ETHICA,645. Indiaresource, n.d. Campaign to Hold Coca-Cola Accountable. Accessed on: 4th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.indiaresource.org/campaigns/coke/ Kazmin, A., 2015. Coca-Cola forced to abandon India bottling plant plans. Accessed on: 4th May, 2017. 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