Evaluate Key Developments of the Cold War Essay

Evaluate Key Developments of the Cold War - Essay Example The race for nuclear arms capability dominated the 1950s and 1960s and it led to tension between these two countries, tension which translated to what is now known as the Cold War. This paper shall evaluate key developments of the Cold War from the Truman Administration through the Kennedy Administration. It will discuss whether or not the Cold War was actually inevitable. In addition, this paper will consider the domestic concerns in the United States during the 1950s, including McCarthyism, domesticity, and civil rights. The first part of this paper will present an overview of the Cold War. Secondly, major developments from Truman’s to Kennedy’s administration shall be presented. Thirdly, the inevitability of the Cold War will also be discussed. Lastly, an overall analysis and conclusion shall be established. Body Overview The post war era brought about a time where the US was starting to emerge as a superpower. It also presented a time where democratic principles wer e tested with various civil rights violations. At this point, the need to uphold these civil rights became an important part of American lives (Chafe, et.al., 2011). When the Second World War ended in 1945, journalist George Orwell used the term cold war in his essay â€Å"You and the Atomic bomb.† In his article, he believed that the world was now amidst a threat of a nuclear war, one which had the capability of obliterating human life on the planet (Orwell, 1945). He discussed how world politics seems to be founded on a view or belief prevailing in a state which was powerful and in a constant state of cold war with other countries (Orwell, 1945). Such ‘cold war’ was soon observed with Russia’s attitude towards Britain, including its empire. American economist Bernard Baruch was one of the first to refer to such cold war in relation to the US and the USSR (Gaddis, 2005). Soon enough, the term had a wider usage, especially with the release of Walter Lippma n’s book â€Å"The Cold War.† The USSR has not always been on ideal relations with its neighbors and with the US, mostly because of its socialist political platform (Gaddis, 2005). Although they were allies during the Second World War, it was only a temporary alliance, mostly borne out of the need for self-preservation. As soon as WWII ended however, the Soviet Union returned to its tense political relationship with Europe and the US (Gaddis, 2005). The possibility of gaining military might over other countries also became an added source of tension during the Cold War. Truman to Kennedy In 1947, President Harry Truman was advised to consider major policy changes in response to Russia’s efforts to gain political and military dominance (Chafe, 2003). America’s response was to adopt a containment policy with the primary goal of preventing the spread of communism (Friedman, 2007). Truman’s policy and decisions were all embodied under the Truman doctri ne, a doctrine which also condemned socialist and totalitarian power. Most of Europe was very supportive of Truman’s doctrine, however, some European and American communists being supported by the KGB adhered to the principles which the Soviet Union laid out (Friedman, 2007). In 1947, the US, Britain and France sought to establish an accord with the USSR on how best to handle a post-war Germany. The Marshall Plan was able to establish a working agreement among the countries, eventually dividing Germany and Berlin into four territories to be controlled by each ally (Gaddis, 2005).

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 15

Marketing - Essay Example By analyzing the current business situation of M&S, it will be possible for one to determine if the company should revise its way of serving customers, the way of market segmentation, or split its products into various target markets Macro factors that affect M&S These are the external factors that have an indirect impact on any company.   They include the political, social, technological, economical, and legal entities. For instance, in the legal entity, the government of UK has brought in energy saving organizations like â€Å"Green Tax† and â€Å"Change Levy† on the use of energy to lessen carbon dioxide by 30% and distributed subsidies to make improvements on subsidies. This has affected M&S positively in such a way that the company has been forced to launch an incentive policy in which stores can maintain the value of 15% of all savings it makes and above its moves. The move helps the company to save about 10% of its energy (Moiz, 2010). Micro Factors Marketing m anagement is obliged to attract customers and set up good relationships with them by initiating the satisfaction and worth of their preferences. Nevertheless, market practices are required to focus on the needs of the targeted consumers and also the need to recognize the impact of micro factors that include: Products M&S deals in clothing, house appliances, food, footwear, and gifts. When providing these goods and services, they have to focus on the quality, trust, innovate, and values given to its potential customers. Customers The company lives to the policy that customers are the most vital element to be considered and understood because they determine its future and success. M&S appreciates that customer satisfaction comes first before the product sales and thus gives high quality products and good services in order to raise the loyalty of its consumes. Markets M&S possessed stores in Hong Kong and Ireland, including 131 franchises food in 28 nations operating via a network of t hriving partnerships. It has recently opened a new market in Kirkgate, Leeds. Another coffee and heritage shop has been established right alongside the popular M&S clock in Kirkmarket. The retail environment however remains to be a challenge in the UK and other international regions. M&S has to take a step with regard to this factor by staying true to its values, listening to its potential clients, and constantly executing its strategy so ha the business can be stronger. Competitors While M&S focuses its operations on h quality of goods and services, its chief competitors, Tesco and Sainsbury focus theirs on the breadth of range, quality, and convenience. This company has a number of competitive advantages that have been in existence for a long time now. They include a recognizable brand name, and a stable supply connection. Specifically, M&S has its own exercise tight and market testing quality control. The great part of its operations is that it has kept customer loyalty as compar ed to its competitors. However, the worry is that Tesco and Sainsbury have established their stores globally as opposed to M&S, and thus the company has to check on this drawback (Moiz, 2010). The PEST framework analysis Definition This is a tool widely used o help in analyzing the social-cultural, economical, technological, and political changes in a given organizational environment. With the PEST analysis, one can get a